Edwardian architecture (1901-14)
The Victorian battle of the styles had ended in an
eclectic aesthetic.
The classical tradition burst into Baroque public buildings, such as Cardiff City Hall (1897-1906) by H.V. Lanchester and Edwin Rickards. Domes were especially popular. Notice the asymmetrically placed tower. This added a Picturesque touch to an otherwise classical design.
At the same time the Entente Cordial promoted by the francophile Edward VII encouraged a Gallic classicism, epitomised by the Ritz Hotel in London (1903-6) designed by Charles Mewes and Arthur Davis with Parisian façades and Louis XVI interiors.
Another form of Edwardian classicism is sometimes known as Neo-Mannerism. Using a steel or reinforced concrete frame freed the walls for nonstructural uses of classical forms, as in the Royal Liver Building in Liverpool (1908-11).
19th-century experiments with reinforced concrete began to bear
widespread fruit in the Edwardian era. A ferro-concrete frame could be clad in
brick or stone for prestigious buildings, or cased in concrete for more
utilitarian structures. On the right you see a clever and practical mixture.
Concrete floors were left visible in bands across the brick-faced facade.
Concrete hoists are cantilevered out like oriel windows. The effect mimics
Victorian stone banding and detailing on brick buildings.
The Gothic Revival continued to dominate church architecture, though in muted form.
Mock Tudor retained its popularity for country houses, with leaded windows and half-timbering. Traditionalist architects held sway, with Sir Edwin Lutyens (1869-1944) in the lead. Watered-down versions of Art Nouveau, Japanese styles and Arts and Crafts filtered down into middle-class homes.
Sources
- BBC, Period Style: Edwardian gives details of interiors.
- Brodie, A., Felstead, A., Franklin, J., Pinfield, L. and Oldfield, J., Directory of British Architects 1834-1914 (RIBA 2001). The definitive biographical reference tool for the Victorian and Edwardian periods, based on material in the British Architectural Library and elsewhere.
- Gray, A.S., Edwardian Architecture: A Biographical Dictionary (1985).
- Long, H., The Edwardian House: The Middle-Class Home in Britain 1880-1914 (1993).
- Hockman, H., Edwardian House Style: An architectural and interior design sourcebook (1994).
- Service, A., Edwardian Architecture (1977).
- The Victorian Society is the British society responsible for the study and protection of Victorian and Edwardian architecture.